Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) enables the production of complex metal components with high design flexibility and material efficiency, making it increasingly important across industries such as aerospace, automotive, tooling, and healthcare (Abd-Elaziem et al., 2022). However, surface quality remains a significant challenge because it affects component performance, dimensional accuracy…

Leadership paradigms and expectations in working life have evolved significantly since the early 20th century, shifting from hierarchical models toward more diverse, inclusive, and complex structures (Viitala, 2021; Lehto, 2023). Today, organizations, leaders, and employees alike are expected to demonstrate flexibility and the ability to adapt to change (Peltonen, 2007; Lehto, 2023).